/* Part of SWI-Prolog Author: Jan Wielemaker E-mail: jan@swi-prolog.org WWW: http://www.swi-prolog.org Copyright (c) 2026, SWI-Prolog Solutions b.v. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ :- module(prolog_table_utils, [ table_statistics/0, % Statistics table_statistics/1, % ?Variant table_statistics_by_predicate/0, table_statistics_by_predicate/1, % +Options table_statistics/2, % ?Stat, -Value table_statistics/3, % ?Variant, ?Stat, -Value tstat/2, % ?Stat, ?Top tstat/3, % ?Variant, ?Stat, ?Top tdump/0, % Dump tables tdump/1, % :Goal tdump/2, % :Goal, +Options tidg/0, tidg/1, % :Goal summarize_idg/0, summarize_idg/1 % +Top ]). :- autoload(library(lists), [member/2]). :- autoload(library(aggregate), [aggregate_all/3]). :- autoload(library(ansi_term), [ansi_format/3]). :- autoload(library(apply), [exclude/3, maplist/2]). :- autoload(library(dif), [dif/2]). :- autoload(library(error), [domain_error/2]). :- autoload(library(option), [option/3, option/2]). :- autoload(library(prolog_code), [pi_head/2]). :- autoload(library(solution_sequences), [limit/2, order_by/2]). :- autoload(library(varnumbers), [numbervars/1]). :- meta_predicate tdump(:), tdump(:, +), idg(:), summarize_idg(:), table_statistics(:), table_statistics(:, ?, -), tstat(:, ?, ?). /** Table inspection and statistics utilities This library provides tools intended to be used at the interactive toplevel for inspecting tables, table dependencies and table statistics. */ summary_table_width(55). %! table_statistics(?Stat, -Value) is nondet. %! table_statistics(?Variant, ?Stat, -Value) is nondet. % % Give summary statistics for the tables associated with all subgoals % of Variant. The table_statistics/2 version considers all tables. % % The values for Stat are: % % - tables % Total number of answer tries % - answers % Total number of answers in the combined tries % - duplicate_ratio % Ratio of generated (and thus ignored) duplicate answers. % `1` means no duplicates. `2` means for every answer there % was (on everage) a duplicate generated. % - space_ratio % Number of nodes with a value divided by the total number % of nodes in a trie. The maximum is `1`. A low number % implies that a large amount of differently shaped data % is included in the answer tries. % - complete_call % Number of times answers are generated from a completed % table, i.e., times answers are _reused_. % - invalidated % Number of times an incremental table was invalidated. % - reevaluated % Number of times an invalidated table wa reevaluated. If % lower than `invalidated` this implies that dependent nodes % of the IDG were reevaluated to the same answer set. % - space % Summed memory usage of the answer tries in bytes. % - compiled_space % Summed size for the compiled representation of completed % tables. table_statistics(Stat, Value) :- table_statistics(_:_, Stat, Value). table_statistics(Variant, Stat, Value) :- ( var(Stat) -> table_statistics_(Variant, Stat, Value) ; table_statistics_(Variant, Stat, Value) -> true ). table_statistics_(Variant, tables, NTables) :- aggregate_all(count, table(Variant, _), NTables). table_statistics_(Variant, Stat, Total) :- variant_trie_stat(Stat, _What), \+ hidden_stat(Stat, Variant), ( avg(Stat) -> aggregate_all(sum(Ratio)+count, variant_stat(Stat, Variant, Ratio), Sum+Count), Count > 0, Total is Sum/Count ; aggregate_all(sum(Count), variant_stat(Stat, Variant, Count), Total) ). hidden_stat(variables, _). hidden_stat(lookup, _). hidden_stat(invalidated, Variant) :- callable(Variant), \+ predicate_property(Variant, tabled(incremental)). hidden_stat(reevaluated, Variant) :- callable(Variant), \+ predicate_property(Variant, tabled(incremental)). avg(space_ratio). avg(duplicate_ratio). %! table_statistics % % Print a summary of statistics relevant to tabling. % % @see table_statistics/2 for an explanation table_statistics :- ( ( '$tbl_global_variant_table'(Table), call_table_properties(shared, Table) ; '$tbl_local_variant_table'(Table), call_table_properties(private, Table) ), fail ; true ), ansi_format([bold], 'Summary of answer trie statistics:', []), nl, table_statistics_(_:_, [tables(false)]). %! table_statistics(:Variant) % % Print a summary for the statistics of all tables for subgoals of % Variant. See table_statistics/2 for an explanation. table_statistics(Variant) :- table_statistics_(Variant, []). table_statistics_(Variant, Options) :- table_statistics_dict(Variant, Dict), print_table_statistics(Dict, Options). table_statistics_dict(Variant, Dict) :- findall(Stat-Value, table_statistics(Variant, Stat, Value), Pairs), dict_create(Dict, table_stat, [variant-Variant|Pairs]). print_table_statistics(Dict, Options) :- summary_table_width(DefWidth), option(width(Width), Options, DefWidth), ( option(tables(false), Options) -> dif(Stat, tables) ; true ), ( option(header(true), Options) -> print_table_predicate_header(Dict.variant, [width(Width)|Options]) ; true ), ( variant_trie_stat0(Stat, What), Value = Dict.get(Stat), ( integer(Value) -> format(' ~w ~`.t ~D~*|~n', [What, Value, Width]) ; format(' ~w ~`.t ~2f~*|~n', [What, Value, Width]) ), fail ; true ). print_table_predicate_header(Pred, Options) :- option(width(Width), Options), Pred = M:Head, tflags(Pred, Flags), functor(Head, Name, Arity), format('~n~`\u2015t~*|~n', [Width]), format('~t~p~t~w~*|~n', [M:Name/Arity, Flags, Width]), format('~`\u2015t~*|~n', [Width]). tflags(Pred, Flags) :- findall(F, tflag(Pred, F), List), atomic_list_concat(List, Flags). tflag(Pred, Flag) :- predicate_property(Pred, tabled(How)), tflag_name(How, Flag). tflag_name(variant, 'V'). tflag_name(subsumptive, 'S'). tflag_name(shared, 'G'). tflag_name(incremental, 'I'). variant_trie_stat0(tables, "Answer tables"). variant_trie_stat0(Stat, What) :- dif(Stat, tables), variant_trie_stat(Stat, What). call_table_properties(Which, Trie) :- ansi_format([bold], 'Statistics for ~w call trie:', [Which]), nl, summary_table_width(Width), ( call_trie_property_name(P, Label, Value), atrie_prop(Trie, P), ( integer(Value) -> format(' ~w ~`.t ~D~*|~n', [Label, Value, Width]) ; format(' ~w ~`.t ~1f~*|~n', [Label, Value, Width]) ), fail ; true ). call_trie_property_name(value_count(N), 'Number of tables', N). call_trie_property_name(size(N), 'Memory for call trie', N). call_trie_property_name(space_ratio(N), 'Space efficiency', N). %! table_statistics_by_predicate is det. %! table_statistics_by_predicate(+Options) is det. % % Print statistics on memory usage and lookups per predicate. The % version without options dumps all predicates without ordering. % Options: % % - order_by(+Key) % Order the predicates according to Key. Default is `tables`, the % number of answer tables. See table_statistics/2 for a list % of values for Key. % - top(N) % Only show the top N predicates. % - module(Module) % Limit the results to predicates of the given module. table_statistics_by_predicate :- Pred = _:_, summary_table_width(Width), ( tabled_predicate_with_tables(Pred), print_table_predicate_header(Pred, [width(Width)]), table_statistics(Pred), fail ; true ). table_statistics_by_predicate(Options) :- option(order_by(OrderBy), Options, tables), option(top(Top), Options, infinite), option(module(M), Options, _), Pred = (M:_), findall(Dict, ( tabled_predicate_with_tables(Pred), table_statistics_dict(Pred, Dict) ), Dicts), exclude(has_no_key(OrderBy), Dicts, Dicts1), ( integer(Top), Top < 0 -> Order = @=<, TopN is -Top ; Order = @>=, TopN is Top ), sort(OrderBy, Order, Dicts1, Sorted), forall(limit(TopN, member(Dict, Sorted)), print_table_statistics(Dict, [header(true)|Options])). has_no_key(Key, Dict) :- \+ _ = Dict.get(Key). tabled_predicate_with_tables(Pred) :- Pred = _:_, predicate_property(Pred, tabled), \+ predicate_property(Pred, imported_from(_)), \+ \+ table(Pred, _). %! tstat(?Value, ?Top). %! tstat(?Variant, ?Value, ?Top). % % Print the top-N (for positive Top) or bottom-N (for negative Top) % for `Stat` for all tabled subgoals of Variant (or all tabled % subgoals for tstat/2). Stat is one of % % - answers % - duplicate_ratio % - space_ratio % - gen(call) % - space % - compiled_space % See table_statistics/2. % - deadlock % Times this table was involved in a deadlock (cycle of threads % waiting for each others table to complete) % - wait % Times a thread waited for this table. % - variables % The number of variables in the variant. The tabling logic % adds a term ret(...) to the table for each answer, where each % variable is an argument of the ret(...) term. The arguments % are placed in depth-first lef-right order they appear in the % variant. Optimal behaviour of the trie is achieved if the % variance is as much as possible to the rightmost arguments. % Poor allocation shows up as a low `space_ratio` statistics. % % Below are some examples % - Find the tables with poor space behaviour (bad) % % ?- tstat(space_ratio, -10). % % - Find the tables with a high number of duplicates (good, but % if the number of duplicates can easily be reduced a lot it % makes your code faster): % % ?- tstat(duplicate_ratio, 10). tstat(Stat, Top) :- tstat(_:_, Stat, Top). tstat(Variant, Stat, Top) :- variant_trie_stat(Stat, What), top(Top, Count, Limit, Dir, Order), findall(Variant-Count, limit(Limit, order_by([Order], variant_stat(Stat, Variant, Count))), Pairs), write_variant_table('~w ~w count per variant'-[Dir, What], Pairs). top(Top, Var, 10, "Top", desc(Var)) :- var(Top), !. top(Top, Var, Top, "Top", desc(Var)) :- Top >= 0, !. top(Top, Var, Limit, "Bottom", asc(Var)) :- Limit is -Top. variant_stat(Stat, V, Count) :- variant_trie_stat(Stat, _, Count, Property), table(V, T), atrie_prop(T, Property). atrie_prop(T, size(Bytes)) :- '$trie_property'(T, size(Bytes)). atrie_prop(T, compiled_size(Bytes)) :- '$trie_property'(T, compiled_size(Bytes)). atrie_prop(T, value_count(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, value_count(Count)). atrie_prop(T, space_ratio(Values/Nodes)) :- '$trie_property'(T, value_count(Values)), Values > 0, '$trie_property'(T, node_count(Nodes)). atrie_prop(T, lookup_count(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, lookup_count(Count)). atrie_prop(T, duplicate_ratio(Ratio)) :- '$trie_property'(T, value_count(Values)), Values > 0, '$trie_property'(T, lookup_count(Lookup)), Ratio is (Lookup - Values)/Values. atrie_prop(T, gen_call_count(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, gen_call_count(Count)). atrie_prop(T, invalidated(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, invalidated(Count)). atrie_prop(T, reevaluated(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, reevaluated(Count)). atrie_prop(T, deadlock(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, deadlock(Count)), Count > 0. atrie_prop(T, wait(Count)) :- '$trie_property'(T, wait(Count)), Count > 0. atrie_prop(T, variables(Count)) :- '$tbl_table_status'(T, _Status, _Wrapper, Skeleton), functor(Skeleton, ret, Count). variant_trie_stat(Stat, What) :- ( variant_trie_stat(Stat, What, _, _) *-> true ; domain_error(tstat_key, Stat) ). variant_trie_stat(answers, "Number of answers", Count, value_count(Count)). variant_trie_stat(duplicate_ratio,"Duplicate answer ratio", Ratio, duplicate_ratio(Ratio)). variant_trie_stat(space_ratio, "Space efficiency", Ratio, space_ratio(Ratio)). variant_trie_stat(complete_call, "Calls to completed tables", Count, gen_call_count(Count)). variant_trie_stat(invalidated, "Times the tables were invalidated", Count, invalidated(Count)). variant_trie_stat(reevaluated, "Times the tables were reevaluated", Count, reevaluated(Count)). variant_trie_stat(space, "Memory usage for answer tables", Bytes, size(Bytes)). variant_trie_stat(compiled_space, "Memory usage for compiled answer tables", Bytes, compiled_size(Bytes)). variant_trie_stat(variables, "Number of variables in answer skeletons", Count, variables(Count)). variant_trie_stat(wait, "Times table was waited for", Count, wait(Count)). variant_trie_stat(deadlock, "Times table was involved in a deadlock", Count, deadlock(Count)). %! write_variant_table(+Title, +Pairs) write_variant_table(Format-Args, Pairs) :- format(string(Title), Format, Args), tty_size(_, Cols), W is Cols - 8, format('~`\u2015t~*|~n', [W]), format('~t~w~t~*|~n', [Title, W]), format('~`\u2015t~*|~n', [W]), maplist(write_variant_stat(W), Pairs). write_variant_stat(W, V-Stat) :- \+ \+ ( numbervars(V, 0, _, [singletons(true)]), ( integer(Stat) -> format('~p ~`.t ~D~*|~n', [V, Stat, W]) ; format('~p ~`.t ~2f~*|~n', [V, Stat, W]) ) ). table(M:Variant, Trie) :- '$tbl_variant_table'(VariantTrie), trie_gen(VariantTrie, M:Variant, Trie). /******************************* * DUMP TABLES * *******************************/ %! tdump is det. %! tdump(:Goal) is det. %! tdump(:Goal, +Options) is det. % % Dump all tables and their status that _unify_ with Goal. Options: % % - scope(Scope) % Limit displayed tables to `local` or `global`. % - limit(Count) % Limit the number of answers displayed to Count % - reset(Boolean) % If `true`, also show reset (fresh) global tables. These % are tables that have been abolished. tdump :- tdump(_:_). tdump(M:Goal) :- tdump(M:Goal, []). tdump(M:Goal, Options) :- option(scope(Scope), Options, _), option(limit(Limit), Options, 100), ( table(Scope, M:Goal, Trie), '$tbl_table_status'(Trie, Status, M:Variant, Skeleton), M:'$table_mode'(Head0, Variant, Moded), Head = M:Head0, ( option(reset(true), Options) -> true ; \+ (Scope == global, Status == fresh) ), ansi_format(comment, 'Trie for variant ', []), pflags(Variant, Flags), format('~s ', [Flags]), print_variant(Head), Answer = Head, '$tbl_trienode'(Reserved), ( Moded == Reserved -> findall(Answer-Delay, '$tbl_answer'(Trie, Skeleton, Delay), Pairs), ExtraProp = '' ; findall(Answer-Delay, '$tbl_answer'(Trie, Skeleton, Moded, Delay), Pairs), ExtraProp = 'moded, ' ), sort(1, @<, Pairs, Sorted), length(Sorted, Count), status_color(Status, Color), ansi_format(comment, ' (~p,', [Scope]), ansi_format(Color, ' ~p', [Status]), ansi_format(comment, ', ~w~D answers)~n', [ExtraProp, Count]), ( Count == 0 -> ansi_format(warning, ' (empty)~n', []) ; forall(limit(Limit, member(Ans, Sorted)), dump_answer(M, Ans)) ), fail ; true ). status_color(invalid, warning) :- !. status_color(_, comment). table(local, Variant, Trie) :- '$tbl_local_variant_table'(VariantTrie), trie_gen(VariantTrie, Variant0, Trie), subsumes_term(Variant, Variant0), Variant = Variant0. table(global, Variant, Trie) :- '$tbl_global_variant_table'(VariantTrie), trie_gen(VariantTrie, Variant0, Trie), subsumes_term(Variant, Variant0), Variant = Variant0. print_variant(Head) :- term_attvars(Head, []), !, \+ \+ ( numbervars(Head, 0, _), ansi_format(code, '~p', [Head]) ). print_variant(Head) :- copy_term(Head, Copy, Constraints), numbervars(Copy+Constraints, 0, _), format('~p', [Copy]), forall(member(C, Constraints), ansi_format(fg(blue), ', ~p', [C])). dump_answer(M, Answer0-true) :- !, unqualify(Answer0, M, Answer), \+ \+ print_answer(Answer). dump_answer(M, Answer0-Condition) :- unqualify(Answer0, M, Answer), unqualify(Condition, M, SimpleCondition), \+ \+ ( numbervars(Answer+SimpleCondition, 0, _), format(' ~p', [Answer]), ansi_format(bold, ' :- ', []), ansi_format(fg(cyan), '~p~n', [SimpleCondition]) ). print_answer(Answer) :- term_attvars(Answer, []), !, numbervars(Answer, 0, _), format(' ~p~n', [Answer]). print_answer(Answer) :- copy_term(Answer, Copy, Constraints), numbervars(Copy+Constraints, 0, _), format(' ~p', [Copy]), forall(member(C, Constraints), ansi_format(fg(blue), ', ~p', [C])), nl. unqualify(Var, _M, Var) :- var(Var), !. unqualify((A0,B0), M, (A,B)) :- !, unqualify(A0, M, A), unqualify(B0, M, B). unqualify((A0;B0), M, (A;B)) :- !, unqualify(A0, M, A), unqualify(B0, M, B). unqualify(tnot(A0), M, tnot(A)) :- !, unqualify(A0, M, A). unqualify((M1:Variant)/ModeArgs, M, Goal) :- !, M1:'$table_mode'(G0, Variant, ModeArgs), unqualify(M1:G0, M, Goal). unqualify(M:G, M, G) :- !. unqualify(G, _, G). %! tidg is det. %! tidg(:Goal) is det. % % Dump the incremental dependency graph. idg/1 dumps the graph around % a given node tidg :- ansi_format(comment, '% Node1 [falsecount] (affects -->) Node1 [falsecount]~n', []), forall(idg(t(_:From,FFC,FAC), affected, t(_:To,TFC,TAC)), \+ \+ ( numbervars(From), numbervars(To), print_edge(From, FFC,FAC, To, TFC,TAC) )). tidg(M:Node) :- ansi_format(comment, '% Node1 [falsecount] (affects -->) Node1 [falsecount]~n', []), ansi_format([bold], 'Affected nodes~n', []), forall(idg(t(M:Node,FFC,FAC), affected, t(_:To,TFC,TAC)), \+ \+ ( numbervars(Node), numbervars(To), print_edge(Node, FFC,FAC, To, TFC,TAC) )), ansi_format([bold], 'Dependent nodes~n', []), forall(idg(t(_:From,FFC,FAC), affected, t(M:Node,TFC,TAC)), \+ \+ ( numbervars(From), numbervars(Node), print_edge(From, FFC,FAC, Node, TFC,TAC) )). print_edge(From, FFC,FAC, To, TFC,TAC) :- format(' '), print_node(From, FFC,FAC), format(' --> '), print_node(To, TFC,TAC), nl. print_node(Variant, Falsecount, AnswerCount) :- pflags(Variant, Flags), format('~s ', [Flags]), ansi_format(code, '~p', [Variant]), format(' '), ( Falsecount == 0 -> ansi_format(comment, '[0]', []) ; ansi_format([bg(red),fg(white)], '[~w]', [Falsecount]) ), print_answer_count(AnswerCount). print_answer_count(answers(Count)) => format(' (~Da)', [Count]). print_answer_count(clauses(Count)) => format(' (~Dc)', [Count]). pflags(Variant, Flags) :- findall(F, flag(Variant, F), Flags). flag(Variant, Flag) :- ( pflag(Variant, dynamic, 'D', Flag) ; pflag(Variant, incremental, 'I', Flag) ; pflag(Variant, monotonic, 'M', Flag) ). pflag(Variant, Property, Char, Flag) :- ( predicate_property(Variant, Property) -> Flag = Char ; Flag = ' ' ). idg(t(FM:From,FFC,FAC), Dir, t(TM:To,TFC,TAC)) :- '$tbl_variant_table'(VTrie), trie_gen(VTrie, FM:FVariant, ATrie), ( FM:'$table_mode'(From1, FVariant, _FModed) -> true ; From1 = FVariant % dynamic incremental/monotonic ), subsumes_term(From, From1), From = From1, fc(ATrie, From, FFC,FAC), '$idg_edge'(ATrie, Dir, DepTrie), '$tbl_table_status'(DepTrie, _Status, TM:TVariant, _Return), TM:'$table_mode'(To1, TVariant, _TModed), subsumes_term(To, To1), To = To1, fc(DepTrie, To, TFC,TAC). fc(ATrie, Variant, FC, AC) :- ( predicate_property(Variant, tabled) -> trie_property(ATrie, value_count(C)), AC = answers(C) ; aggregate_all(count, clause(Variant,_), C), AC = clauses(C) ), ( '$idg_falsecount'(ATrie, FC0) -> ( '$idg_forced'(ATrie) -> FC = FC0/'F' ; FC = FC0 ) ; FC = 0 ). %! summarize_idg is det. %! summarize_idg(+TopN) is det. % % Implements XSB's statistics(summarize_idg) :- module_transparent summarize_idg/0. summarize_idg :- context_module(M), summarize_idg(infinite, M). summarize_idg(M:Top) :- summarize_idg(Top, M). summarize_idg(Top, M) :- tty_width(Width), header('Interior Nodes (Tabled Subgoals)', Width), format('Predicate~t #idg nodes~*|~n', [Width]), format('~`\u2015t~*|~n', [Width]), forall(limit(Top, order_by([desc(Count),asc(PI)], interior_nodes(_:_, M, PI, Count))), format('~q ~`.t ~D~*|~n', [PI, Count, Width])), nl, ColR is Width - 10, header('Leaf Nodes (Calls to Dynamic Predicates)', Width), format('Predicate~t #idg nodes~*|~t#facts~*|~n', [ColR, Width]), format('~`\u2015t~*|~n', [Width]), forall(limit(Top, order_by([desc(Count),desc(Facts),asc(PI)], leaf_nodes(_:_, M, PI, Count, Facts))), format('~q ~`.t ~D~*| ~`.t ~D~*|~n', [PI, Count, ColR, Facts, Width])). interior_nodes(Variant, M, PI, Count) :- predicate_property(Variant, tabled(incremental)), \+ predicate_property(Variant, imported_from(_)), idg_node_count(Variant, Count), pi_head(QPI, Variant), unqualify_pi(QPI, M, PI). leaf_nodes(Variant, M, PI, Count, Facts) :- predicate_property(Variant, dynamic), predicate_property(Variant, incremental), \+ predicate_property(Variant, imported_from(_)), predicate_property(Variant, number_of_clauses(Facts)), idg_node_count(Variant, Count), pi_head(QPI, Variant), unqualify_pi(QPI, M, PI). idg_node_count(Variant, Count) :- aggregate_all(count, ( '$tbl_variant_table'(VTrie), trie_gen(VTrie, Variant, _ATrie) ), Count). unqualify_pi(M:PI, M, PI) :- !. unqualify_pi(PI, _, PI). tty_width(W) :- catch(tty_size(_, TtyW), _, fail), !, W is max(60, TtyW - 8). tty_width(60). header(Title, Width) :- format('~N~`\u2015t~*|~n', [Width]), ansi_format([bold], '~t~w~t~*|', [Title,Width]), nl.